Incidence of Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Organisms in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria

This study reports the incidence of multi-drug resistant organisms from clinical samples in Abeokuta, the capital city of Ogun State, located in the forest zone of southwestern Nigeria. Clinical samples which include: mid-stream urine, high vaginal swabs (HVS), sputum, ear swab and urethra swab were collected from 70(100.0%) patients; 40(57.1%) males and 30(42.9%) females. A total of 15 bacterial agents were obtained of which Klebsiella pneumoniae (9(37.0%)) was the highest. It was predominant in urine, HVS and sputum samples. This was followed by Escherichia coli (2(%)) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2(13.0%)). E. coli was only isolated from urine samples while P. aeruginosa was isolated from urethra swab. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyrogenes had one strain (1(5.6%)) each isolated. S. aureus and Str. pyrogenes were only isolated from ear swabs. The study indicates a high prevalence of bacterial pathogens 54.0% and parasitic worms and protozoa. From the antibiogram, all bacterial isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin and showed high resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline. The Gram positive bacteria were also sensitive to Peflacin and Nitrofurantoin and showed high resistance to Gentamicin and Streptomycin. The Gram negative bacteria were highly resistant to Cotrimoxazole, Gentamicin and Streptomycin except one strain of P. aeruginosa from urethra swab and urine which were sensitive to Gentamycin and Streptomycin respectively. S. aureus Str. pyrogenes were sensitive to Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Peflacin and resistant to Ampicillin, Nitrofurantoin, Cotrimoxazole and Tetracycline. Str. pyrogenes were sensitive to Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Peflacin and Nitrofurantoin and resistant to Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline and Clafotab. Variations in susceptibility of the antibiotics to isolates in the clinical samples are discussed in relation to abuse of use. Antimicrobial drug resistance is a major problem in Nigeria. This study shows that a good percentage of people were infested by multi-drug resistance bacterial agents. The information provided in this study may be useful in improving control programmes directed against infectious diseases in the tropics.