Expansion of the universe and a hierarchical structure of the universe as solutions of the dark night sky paradox

It is shown that the expansion of the universe alone and a hierarchical structure of the universe alone may solve the dark night sky paradox. Also it is pointed out that in the actual universe Harrison’s solution and the expansion of the universe are of about the same importance in reducing the radiation density to the level we observe by night, while the hierarchical model of the universe does not correspond with our universe as we know it today.