E1A-CR3 Interaction-Dependent and -Independent Functions of mSur2 in Viral Replication of Early Region 1A Mutants of Mouse Adenovirus Type 1

mSur2, a subunit of the Mediator complex, is required for efficient mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) replication (L. Fang, J. L. Stevens, A. J. Berk, and K. R. Spindler, J. Virol. 78:12888-12900, 2004). We examined the contributions of early-region 1A (E1A) to mSur2 function in MAV-1 replication with E1A mutant viruses. At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, viruses containing CR3 replicated better in Sur2+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) than in Sur2-/- MEFs. In contrast, viruses lacking CR3 replicated no better in Sur2+/+ than in Sur2-/- MEFs. This result supports the hypothesis that the E1A CR3-mSur2 interaction is important for MAV-1 replication. However, at an MOI of 0.05, viruses lacking CR3 showed replication defects in Sur2-/- MEFs compared to Sur2+/+ MEFs, suggesting an E1A CR3 interaction-independent function of mSur2 in MAV-1 replication in cell culture. Paradoxically, CR1Delta, CR2Delta, and CR3Delta mutant viruses replicated slightly more efficiently than wild-type (wt) MAV-1 and E1A null mutant viruses in Sur2-/- MEFs at an MOI of 0.05. Coinfection of Sur2-/- MEFs with wt MAV-1 and CR1Delta, CR2Delta, or CR3Delta mutant viruses rescued the defects of wt MAV-1 replication. This result suggests that an inhibiting effect on wt E1A protein expression and/or E1A function might account for the severe viral replication defect of MAV-1 in Sur2-/- MEFs at an MOI of 0.05. Moreover, titrations of virus yields from infected brains of inbred strains of mice showed that E1A null and CR3Delta mutant viruses had a significant defect in virus replication compared to wt MAV-1. This result supports the hypothesis that the MAV-1 E1A-mSur2 interaction is important in MAV-1 replication in mice.