Manifestations of the tongue in Neurofibromatosis type 1

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyse alterations of the tongue and the correlation between these lesions and different types of tumor. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 258 cases (131 females, 127 males) of neurofibromatosis type 1 were screened between 1994 and 2004 in our Dermatology Department. All patients included in this study have NF1, as defined by the NIH Consensus Conference. Three cases of neurofibromas of the tongue in patients with neurofibromatosis type were reported. RESULTS: Our patients showed nodular lesions on the tongue, related to neurofibromas in two patients and plexiform neurofibroma in one patient, respectively. Clinical and hystopatological findings were useful in distinguishing between neurofibromas and other soft tissue tumors. An increased prevalence of malignancy has been documented in patients affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. Changes in the size of a pre-existing mass, compression, or infiltration of the adjacent structures indicate malignant degeneration. Histological and clinical evaluation should be performed in order to choose the most appropriate treatment strategy for these patients. CONCLUSION: The oral manifestations of NF are well-documented but may not be at the forefront of the clinician's mind in the differential diagnosis of intra-oral swellings.