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Ice sheets and sea level of the Last Glacial Maximum

Peter U. Clark, Alan C Mix, Édouard Bard

Abstract

What was the extent and volume of glaciers and ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) centered on 21,000 calendar years ago? How much lower was global sea level as a result of growth of LGM ice sheets? What was the isostatic response to the global redistribution of mass (ice and water) during the LGM? What influence did LGM ice sheets have on global climate?

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Key concepts: Ice sheet, Last Glacial Maximum, Ice-sheet model, Geology, Glacier, Climatology, Ice stream, Sea level