Contributory factors to orthostatic intolerance after simulated weightlessness

Various factors may contribute to orthostatic intolerance (OI) observed after space flights or simulated weightlessness such as bed rest experiments: individual physical and physiological factors (arterial blood pressure (BP), height), physiological changes induced by real or simulated weightlessness (hypovolaemia, increase in venous distensibility), and space flight or simulation conditions (duration and counter-measure application). Our purpose was to test which of these factors were dominant in contributing to the OI. This was assessed in 47 healthy men participating in bed rest experiments of 4, 14, 28, 30 and 42 days, with or without counter-measures (medical stockings, lower-body negative pressure (LBNP), LBNP + muscular exercise). Nineteen subjects did not finish the orthostatic test (60 degrees head-up tilt or stand test) after bed rest. The occurrence of OI was associated with greater height, low resting BP, greater changes in resting lower-limb venous distensibility throughout the bed rest, and absence of counter-measures.