The atmospheres of the outer planets and satellites

This is a review of recent research results pertaining to the atmospheres of the outer planets and satellites. It includes the atmospheres of Pluto, Triton, Neptune, Uranus, Titan, Saturn, and Io. Io’s neutral torus and plasma torus are covered, but Jupiter and Jupiter’s magnetosphere are not. Jupiter is not included because of the number of specialized reviews which have recently become available for Jupiter. This review includes earlier Voyager 1 and 2 results for Io’s atmosphere and plasma torus as well as early Pioneer 11 results for Saturn and Titan. Neither ring systems nor atmosphereless bodies are reviewed here.