Injury patterns of the hybrid III fifth percentile female dummy according to airbag inflation

The airbag is a widely accepted device for occupant protection in the automotive industry. Both restraint and automobile manufacturers have to come up with a proper airbag design to reduce the injuries from static and dynamic tests in the FMVSS 208 regulation. The objective of this study is to investigate the injury characteristics of the Hybrid III fifth percentile female dummy according to airbag inflation. In order to study the injury patterns, tests are performed for the dummy with the out-of-position (OOP). The test conditions are varied with various airbag parameters such as inflators, airbag folding methods, and cover tear lines. The relationships are investigated further by using computer simulations. The guidelines for the airbag design with the OOP are established and the injury patterns are identified.