Methane fermentation process as anaerobic digestion of biomass: Transformations, stages and microorganisms

Anaerobic decomposition of organic compounds is conducted in close cooperation of specialized bacteria of different types, including mostly hydrolyzing, digestive, acetogenic, homoacetogenic, sulfate-reducing (VI) and methanogenic bacteria. A great interest in the anaerobic digestion process results mainly from its advantages, as compared to aerobic methods. The main advantages of the methane digestion process are: Production of an insignificant amount of biomass and lower energy input, as compared to degradation conducted under aerobic conditions. This paper reviews the transformations, stages and microorganisms that participate in methane fermentation process. Key words: Biogas, methane fermentation, methanogens, microorganisms, anaerobic digestion.