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Comparing State and District Test Results to National Norms: The Validity of Claims That “Everyone Is Above Average”

Robert L. Linn, Elizabeth Graue, Nancy M. Sanders

Open publisher page 125 citations

Abstract

Are all states and nearly all districts claiming that their students are above the national average? If so, are the test results “inflated and misleading?” What are the factors that contribute to the abundance of “above average” scores?

About this research paper

What this paper is about

Are all states and nearly all districts claiming that their students are above the national average? If so, are the test results “inflated and misleading?” What are the factors that contribute to the abundance of “above average” scores?

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OpenAlex reports 125 citations for this work. Citation counts describe recorded attention and do not establish research quality.

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Available abstract

Are all states and nearly all districts claiming that their students are above the national average? If so, are the test results “inflated and misleading?” What are the factors that contribute to the abundance of “above average” scores?

Key concepts: Test (biology), Statistics, Psychology, State (computer science), Social psychology, Demography, Mathematics, Sociology

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