Non-leading mass effects in the effective weak Hamiltonian for Δc = 1 decays

Recently Altarelli, Curci, Martinelli, and Petrarca have calculated the second order corrections induced by quantum chromodynamics to the effective weak Hamiltonian in Δc = 1 processes. We extend their analysis by including the effects of the heavy t and b quarks. The technique used is that first introduced by Witten to study the effects of heavy quarks in deep inelastic scattering and used by Gilman and Wise and Guberina and Peccei to discuss how quark masses alter the effective weak Hamiltonian to leading order in [Formula: see text] processes.