Frequency-tunable metamaterial for microstrip patch antenna

Metamaterials have been intensively researched due to their particular features such as negative permittivity and/or permeability and ultra-refraction phenomenon. To satisfy the demand of commonly used microwave communication systems, an antenna which can operate at multiple frequencies and enhanced characteristics is desirable. The frequency response of a metamaterial can be tailored by varying its characteristics. The paper scrutinizes the methods, which could be integrated with a microstrip patch antenna design. Further, a metamaterial-based tunable microstrip patch antenna with enhanced characteristics is proposed.