Criticisms on the Ming poetics by poetic circles in the early Qing dynasty

The theoretical target and the discourse system of the Qing poetics were gradually established on the basis of extensive criticisms on the Ming poetics. The criticisms made on the Ming poetics in the early Qing dynasty primarily focused on three aspects: common practice of imitation, narrowly restricted outlooks of schools and poetry writing as part of social intercourses. The early Qing poets directed their criticisms at the school of Lixia and the school of Jingling. Thus, the theoretical framework of the early Qing poetics came into being after eliminating the drawbacks of the Ming poetics.