Recurrent Pelvic Intravenous Leiomyomatosis with Extension up the Inferior Vena Cava

We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with recurrent pelvic intravenous leiomyomatosis with extension up the inferior vena cava, who underwent three operations within three years. In the last admission, she underwent surgery by a two-stage surgical approach and postoperatively pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. We prefer to a two-stage approach because of safe resection of the intracardiac tumor mass, shorter operative time and less postoperative complication. Patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis need long-term observation because of the high recurrence rate of the tumor.