Identifying Nonstationary Clock Noises in Navigation Systems

The stability of the atomic clocks on board the satellites of a navigation system should remain constant with time. In reality there are numerous physical phenomena that make the behavior of the clocks a function of time, and for this reason we have recently introduced the dynamic Allan variance (DAVAR), a measure of the time‐varying stability of an atomic clock. In this paper we discuss the dynamic Allan variance for phase and frequency jumps, two common nonstationarities of atomic clocks. The analysis of both numerical simulations and experimental data proves that the dynamic Allan variance is an effective way of characterizing nonstationary behaviors of atomic clocks.