Complications of Negative Laparotomy for Truncal Stab Wounds

In a retrospective study of 459 patients undergoing mandatory explorative laparotomy for truncal stab wounds, 172 (37%) negative laparotomies were identified, divided in two groups: group I (n = 147) without, and group II (n = 25) with associated extra-abdominal injuries or surgical procedures other than laparotomy. One patient (0.6%) died of associated mediastinal vascular injuries. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 21%, 17% in group I, and 44% in group II (p < 0.001). The excess morbidity in group II was caused by pulmonary complications associated with a thoracic injury or procedure. In group I, the complications were not severe, prolonging the mean hospital stay by 4.6 days. It is concluded that mandatory laparotomy for truncal stab wounds leads to an unnecessary operation in about 40% of cases, with a 20% morbidity rate associated with the laparotomy itself. Although the complications are not severe, the results should be assessed against the safety and accuracy of the selective management of abdominal stab wounds.