Prevalence of Specific Genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA and Periodontal Health Status

Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA gene encoding fimbrillin, a subunit of fimbriae, has been classified into 5 genotypes (types I to V) based on their nucleotide sequences. Here, we investigated the relationship between the prevalence of these fimA genotypes and periodontal health status in adults. Dental plaque specimens obtained from 380 periodontally healthy adults and 139 periodontitis patients were analyzed by the PCR method. P. gingivalis was detected in 36.8% of the healthy subjects and in 87.1% of the periodontitis patients. Among the P. gingivalis-positive healthy adults, the most prevalent fimA type was type I (76.1%), followed by type V. In contrast, a majority of the periodontitis patients carried type II fimA organisms (66.1%), followed by type IV. The univariate analysis illustrated that periodontitis was associated with the occurrences of type I fimA (OR 0.16), type II (OR 44.44), type III (1.96), type IV (13.87), and type V (1.40). These findings clearly indicate that there are both disease-associated and non-disease-associated strains of P. gingivalis, and that their infectious traits influencing periodontal health status could be differentiated based on the clonal variation of fimA genes.