Generation of super-Gaussian modes in Nd:YAG lasers with graded-phase mirrors

To change the intensity distribution of the fundamental mode in a Nd:YAG laser resonator to a top-hat profile we developed and used a dielectric graded-phase mirror. A super-Gaussian mode of the sixth order was generated by means of a graded-phase mirror with a simple ring-shaped phase step on a spherical reflector. The depth of the ring was 90 nm. The graded-phase mirror was manufactured with an ordinary vapor deposition technique. An annular mask with a thickness of 10 μm was used to avoid the deposition of the LaF3 vapor at the position of the ring. Laser experiments with continuous-wave and repetitively pulsed dioed-laser pumping were performed and compared. The results are in excellent agreement with the theory.