Research on the Influence of College Entrance Examination Policies on the Fairness of Higher Education Admissions Opportunities in China

College entrance examination policies are the criteria developed by the government, institutions of higher education, and community organizations for the authoritative distribution and regulation of higher education opportunities. College entrance examination policies are the most immediate and most important factor affecting equality of access to higher education. In the thirty years since the restoration of the college entrance examination, policy discussions and empirical studies exploring fairness issues in examination policies have shown that different orientations or biases in certain college entrance examination policies have surreptitiously exacerbated existing inequalities within access to higher education. In addressing the factors impeding fairness in college entrance examination policies, equal opportunities in higher education should be promoted through policy adjustments made on the basis of systematic analysis and reasoning. At present, special attention needs to be paid to compensatory policies that increase the level of equality of access to higher education for disadvantaged groups.