Oxidative Folding Pathway of Onconase, a Ribonuclease Homologue: Insight into Oxidative Folding Mechanisms from a Study of Two Homologues

The oxidative folding pathways of two four-disulfide proteins of the ribonuclease family, ONC and RNase A, which have similar three-dimensional folds but only 30% sequence homology, are compared. In this study, a mechanism for the oxidative folding pathway of ONC is proposed. In particular, the kinetic roles and thermodynamic characteristics of key intermediates along the oxidative folding pathway, specifically, the structured intermediates, I(1), I(2), and I(3), previously identified as des-[19-68,30-75], des-[30-75], and des-[19-68], respectively, are discussed. In addition, the effects of temperature on the oxidative folding pathway have been examined. Differences in the folding mechanism between ONC and RNase A are attributed to the differences in their amino acid sequences and related inter-residue interactions, including differences in hydrophobic interactions. Compared to RNase A, ONC utilizes more efficient interactions along the oxidative folding pathway to adopt its native fold more rapidly.