MSIS‐86 Thermospheric Model

The MSIS‐86 empirical model of thermospheric temperature, density and composition uses new temperature and composition data from the Dynamics Explorer satellite to improve the representation of polar region morphology over that in the MSIS‐83 model. Terms were added or changed to better represent seasonal variations in the polar regions under both quiet and magnetically disturbed conditions. Local time variations in the magnetic activity effect were added. In addition a new species, atomic nitrogen, was added to the previous list of N2, O2, He, O, H, and Ar covered by the model.