Upregulated expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in human periodontal ligament cells induced by interleukin‐1β

BACKGROUND: Root resorption during orthodontic treatment is a complex and sterile inflammatory process, characterized by the recruitment of mononuclear cells in the local periodontal ligament. This study aimed to investigate whether interleukin (IL)-1β could induce the migration of monocytes through upregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression in human periodontal ligament cells. METHODS: Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured in medium containing various IL-1β concentrations. After 24 hours of incubation, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and MCP-1 protein in periodontal ligament cells were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. The effect of supernatants of periodontal ligament cells on THP-1 cells was analysed via migration assay. RESULTS: IL-1β (10 ng/mL and 25 ng/mL) increased the expression of MCP-1 mRNA and protein in periodontal ligament cells (p < 0.05). In addition, the supernatants from the IL-1β-treated periodontal ligament cells increased the migratory response of THP-1 cells (p < 0.05), which could be blocked by the anti-MCP-1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1β had the potential to induce the migratory response of monocytes via upregulation of the expression of MCP-1 in human periodontal ligament cells and could contribute to orthodontic root resorption.