Chlamydia pneumoniae Pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

The objective of this study was to identify the clinical and pulmonary CT findings associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia and to compare them with those of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. The clinical features and CT scans of 40 patients with C. pneumoniae pneumonia and 42 patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia were retrospectively reviewed. There were no significant differences between the two etiologic agents with regard to clinical signs. Chest CT findings in patients with C. pneumoniae pneumonia consisted mainly of ground-glass attenuation (n = 38) and acinar patterns (n = 28). Acinar patterns and pleural effusions (n = 12) were observed significantly more frequently than in patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia (P < 0.0001, P < 0.039, respectively). CT findings of centrilobular nodules and bronchial wall thickening were significantly less common than in the M. pneumoniae pneumonia patients (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). The CT finding of acinar patterns, although nonspecific, can be considered suggestive of C. pneumoniae pneumonia.