Sphaeropsis sapinea Cankers on Stressed Red and Jack Pines in Minnesota and Wisconsin

(...). The incidence and impact of the disease was documented on study plots with low site indices. Tree mortality ranged from 2 to 51% on study plots and was consistently associated with S. sapinea. Cankers occurred more frequently on trees exposed to environmental stresses such as poor site conditions, drought, hail, snow, and insect wounds