Uterine Contractile Activity Stimulates Supraoptic Neurons in Term Pregnant Rats Via a Noradrenergic Pathway**This work was supported by The Wellcome Trust (Project Grant 047318/Z/96/Z) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

Oxytocin secretion is important for the normal progress of parturition in the rat. We tested the hypotheses that contractions of the uterus before pup delivery activate oxytocin neurons, and that they do so via a noradrenergic projection. In anesthetized 22-day (term) pregnant rats, i.v. oxytocin pulses enhanced both uterine contractile activity and the firing rate of oxytocin and vasopressin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus, and these were significantly correlated. The same oxytocin treatment also increased the expression of Fos in both the supraoptic nucleus and the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, but not in 21-day pregnant or virgin rats. In five of eight rats on the day of expected parturition, noradrenaline release in the supraoptic nucleus (sampled by microdialysis) exhibited sudden peaks during oxytocin administration, seen in only one of nine rats given vehicle pulses. Noradrenaline release was significantly greater in rats that went into labor or gave birth to a pup than in rats not in labor. In rats infused with the alpha(1)-noradrenergic receptor antagonist, benoxathian, into the supraoptic nucleus before and during iv oxytocin administration, Fos expression in supraoptic neurons was significantly less than that in vehicle controls. Thus, at term pregnancy, uterine contractions activate both oxytocin and vasopressin neurons in the SON, and this activation involves a noradrenergic pathway.