Imaging genetics — towards discovery neuroscience

Imaging genetics is an emerging field aimed at identifying and characterizing genetic variants that influence measures derived from anatomical or functional brain images, which are in turn related to brain‐related illnesses or fundamental cognitive, emotional and behavioral processes, and are affected by environmental factors. Here we review the recent evolution of statistical approaches and outstanding challenges in imaging genetics, with a focus on population‐based imaging genetic association studies. We show the trend in imaging genetics from candidate approaches to pure discovery science, and from univariate to multivariate analyses. We also discuss future directions and prospects of imaging genetics for ultimately helping understand the genetic and environmental underpinnings of various neuropsychiatric disorders and turning basic science into clinical strategies.