Understanding the dermal effects of heightened exposure to the sun

The potential dangers of sun exposure to skin health, as well as a need for sun protection, are well documented in both the lay and professional press. However, there are variations between UK, EU and US regulations and guidelines, different interpretations of the term ‘sun protection’, and ongoing debate between advisory bodies on the level and frequency of application of sun protection factor (SPF) necessary to offer adequate protection. This article reviews the effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the relevant regulations (including the imminent regulatory changes in the USA), and new ingredients that are making an impact on cosmeceutical sun protection and damage repair.