The European Union's external face: The ‘Europeanisation’ of JHA and CFSP

This paper focuses on the process of ‘Europeanisation’ in European Union (EU) external policy‐making and implementation. Drawing on the theoretical work of Keman, Budge, van Apeldoorn and van Kersbergen, the approach explicated in this paper conceives of European politics ‐ and the emergent European polity ‐ as being the product of a transnational aggregation of interests in an increasingly ‘Europeanised’ policy process. The approach explicated in the paper conceives of European politics ‐ and the emergent European polity ‐ as being the product of a transnational aggregation of interests and policy preferences in an increasingly ‘Europeanised’ policy process. Previously nationally‐determined policy areas are increasingly being ‘communitarised’ and ‘Brusselsized’. The paper focuses on interest adaptation, policy‐making, polity‐making, collective identity formation, and policy adaptation in JHA and CFSP/CESDP since the mid‐1990s. It does this via an in‐depth case study of European/EU policy towards international terrorism after 9/11.