Gender differences in death anxiety and religious orientation among US high school and college students

Women report both a higher death anxiety and extrinsic religiosity than men, but it is unknown why. Research has not previously linked these findings. We provide two alternative theoretical models of causal links: (a) women's higher death anxiety promotes extrinsic religiosity or (b) women's higher extrinsic religiosity promotes greater death anxiety. High school and college students in the United States (118 young men and 257 young women) completed Templer's (1970 Templer, DI. 1970. The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. Journal of General Psychology, 82: 165–177. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Death Anxiety Scale and the intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity subscales of Allport and Ross’ (1967 Allport, GW and Ross, JM. 1967. Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5: 432–443. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Religious Orientation Scale. Women reported significantly higher levels of death anxiety and extrinsic religiosity. Gender differences in extrinsic religiosity were partially explainable by gender differences in death anxiety. Also, gender differences in death anxiety could partially be explained by gender differences in extrinsic religiosity. This provides future research with some direction in the link between gender, religious orientation, and death anxiety. It also underscores recent arguments that religious motivations vary between cultures and groups.