Habitat Selection of Least Flycatchers Includes Deciduous Regeneration in Pine Plantations

Least Flycatchers (Empidonax minimus) are socially monogamous birds that exhibit clustered nesting behavior. We examined the potential influence of forest structure in habitat selection, and formation of Least Flycatcher clusters within a habitat type not previously studied in this species: red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations. We documented 10% less understory vegetation, 13% greater canopy cover, and 30% more deciduous trees in occupied than in adjacent, unoccupied, yet available habitat in 12 clusters in pine plantations. Well developed canopy cover and deciduous foliage appear to provide visual cues for Least Flycatchers when selecting habitat for breeding.