Testing the Limits of European Citizenship: Ethnic Hatred and Male Violence

European citizenship was designed to inspire greater faith in the European Union, yet women remain less favorably disposed than men to the process of integration. This article explores some likely explanations. Focusing on efforts to end xenophobia and counter male violence, the argument is made that the drive toward social justice is remarkable less for the claims being made by European women's movements than for the road on which many activists must now mobilize. Though the Union provides a potential venue for social change, women are at a particular disadvantage in gaining significant access to that venue.