Observations of wave height and wave celerity in the surf zone

Observations of wave crest elevation, wave trough elevation, and wave celerity have been made in the surf zone on a natural beach. A series of 22 wave poles having vertical gradations of 7 cm (near shore) and 11 cm (off shore) were placed across the surf zone from outside the break point to the swash zone. Movements of 10 individual waves all having a break point within one wave pole spacing of each other have been photographed, and the data on wave height changes and wave speed changes have been analyzed. Wave celerity within the surf zone, given as a ratio M to solitary wave celerity, shows a systematic increase of wave speeds near the break point to a peak of M ≃ 1.2, thence a decrease farther shoreward to M ≃ 0.8, and finally a second increase where M > 1. Wave height decay after breaking follows the theory of turbulent dissipation recently presented by Sawaragi and Iwata (1974). The wave height to water depth ratio within the surf zone is a function of distance from the break point and ranges from 2.0 to 0.6. The results indicate that the use of linear and nonlinear nonviscous wave theories to quantify surf zone wave characteristics is misleading insofar as quantitative prediction is concerned.