Lessons from large-scale conservation networks in Australia

Australia has seen a rapid growth in the establishment of networks of lands managed for connectivity conservation across tenures, at landscape and sub-continental scales.Such networks go under a variety of names, including biosphere reserves, biolinks, wildlife corridors and conservation management networks.Their establishment has varied from state government-led initiatives to those initiated by non-government organizations and interested landholders.We surveyed existing major landscape scale conservation initiatives for successes, failures and future directions and synthesized common themes.These themes included scale, importance of social and economic networks, leadership, governance, funding, conservation planning, the role of protected areas and communication.We discuss the emergence of national policy relating to National Wildlife Corridors in Australia and the relationship of this policy to the long standing commitment to build a comprehensive, adequate and representative National Reserve System.Finally we outline areas for further research for connectivity conservation projects in Australia.