Submarine groundwater discharge from the Yellow River Delta to the Bohai Sea, China

Spatial and temporal variations of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) have been evaluated by automated seepage meters from the Yellow River delta to 7 km offshore in the Bohai Sea, China. We identified three zones from the coast to offshore based on different relationships between tidal and SGD changes. Our results indicate that the point of maximum SGD shifted 2 km offshore from September 2004 to September 2006. This spatial change is thought to be caused by sediment deposition near the coast. Integrating submarine fresh groundwater discharge (SFGD) along the coastline of the Yellow River delta using measured values of SFGD per unit length of shoreline shows that discharge of fresh groundwater along the entire delta would be equivalent to 4.5 to 7.0 % of the river discharge.