Electronic and Computer Music

1. The Background, to 1945 2. Paris and Musique Concrete 3. Cologne and Electronische Musik 4. Milan and Elsewhere in Europe 5. America 6. The Voltage-Controlled Synthesizer 7. Works for Tape 8. Live Electronic Music 9. Rock and Pop Electronic Music 10. The Foundations of Computer Music 11. From Computer Technology to Musical Creativity i Software Synthesis and Computer-Assisted Composition ii Hybrid Synthesis 12. The Microprocessor Revolution 13. The Characteristics of Digital Audio 14. The Development of the MIDI Communications Protocol 15. From Analog to Digital: The Evolution of MIDI Hardware i The Pioneering Phase, to 1983 ii The Development of the MIDI Sampler iii New Directions in Synthesizer Architectures iv Beyond the Keyboard: Alternative Performance Controllers v Other MIDI-Related Hardware 16. From Microcomputer to Music Computer: The MIDI Dimension 17. New Horizons for MIDI-based Technologies 18. Personal Computers and Sound Processing 19. Music Workstations and Related Computing Architectures 20. Performance Controllers 21. New Horizons in Synthesis and Signal Processing Software 22. Conclusion