1966•ASME Journal of Heat and Mass TransferRequires access

Combined Free and Forced Convection in a Horizontal Circular Tube

S. T. McComas, E. R. G. Eckert

Abstract

The effect of free convection on laminar forced flow heat transfer in a horizontal uniformly heated tube was investigated. The Grashof number was varied from 1000 down to the order of one, the low Grashof number runs agreeing with the prediction for pure forced convection within ±8 percent. The effect of the secondary flow created by free convection was observed as a decrease in the wall to bulk fluid temperature difference required to transfer heat as compared to the pure forced flow case in the region far from the tube inlet. This effect was found to increase as the ratio of Grashof number to Reynolds numbers increased. No appreciable effect of free convection was found in the thermal development region.

About this research paper

What this paper is about

Why it matters

OpenAlex reports 49 citations for this work. Citation counts describe recorded attention and do not establish research quality.

Key contribution

A contribution statement is not available in the OpenAlex record.

Method / approach

Method details are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.

Main findings

Findings are not separately available in the OpenAlex metadata.

Limitations

Limitations are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.

Applications

Application details are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.

Available abstract

Key concepts: Grashof number, Forced convection, Natural convection, Laminar flow, Combined forced and natural convection, Mechanics, Reynolds number, Tube (container)