Diurnal nonmigrating tides from TIMED Doppler Interferometer wind data: Monthly climatologies and seasonal variations

TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) measurements of zonal and meridional winds in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere are analyzed for diurnal nonmigrating tides (June 2002 to June 2005). Climatologies of monthly mean amplitudes and phases for seven tidal components are presented at altitudes between 85 and 105 km and latitudes between 45°S and 45°N (westward propagating wave numbers 2, 3, and 4; the standing diurnal tide; and eastward propagating wave numbers 1, 2, and 3). The observed seasonal variations agree well with 1991–1994 UARS results at 95 km. Comparisons between the TIDI results and global scale wave model (GSWM) and thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM) tidal predictions indicate that the large eastward propagating wave number 3 amplitude is driven by tropical tropospheric latent heat release alone. In contrast, latent heating and planetary wave/migrating tidal interactions are equally important to westward 2 and standing diurnal tidal forcing. There is good quantitative agreement between TIDI and the model predictions during equinox, but the latter tend to underestimate the westward 2 and standing diurnal tide during solstice. Neither model reproduces the observed seasonal variations of the eastward propagating components.