Pressure Drop in the Hydraulic Conveyance of Solid Materials through a Bend in a Vertical Plane

A formula for pressure drop caused by a bend is derived from analysis of energy relation in flow. The additive term in this formula, corresponding to the change of the fluid motion, is determined by the results of experiment, and is discussed in connection with patterns of flow through a bend. This formula is in good agreement with the results of experiment within the errors of measurement. The range of a pipe line in which flow is affected by a bend is similar to the case of pure fluid. Velocity of a particle through a bend and the optimum curvature of a bend with less pressure loss are also discussed in the present paper.