Co-morbidity of Moyamoya Disease with Graves' Disease. Report of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature

Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries accompanied by typical net-like collateral vessels in the basal ganglia. Although the etiology of moyamoya disease remains unknown, hereditary and immunogenic as well as hemodynamic factors have been implicated in the underlying mechanism of moyamoya disease. We report two patients with confirmed moyamoya disease and a patient with probable moyamoya disease complicated with Graves' disease. We reviewed the literature and summarized 23 cases of moyamoya disease or probable moyamoya, coexisting with Graves' disease.