On the reproduction of the toad and frog without the intermediate stage of tadpole

Abstract The following brief remarks on the Toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the Frog (Rana temporaria) may perhaps be received with some degree of interest, as they are, I believe, contrary to the generally received notion of the procreation of these reptiles. Ray, and most naturalists, at least, consider toads and frogs as oviparous animals, yet it is apparent that they are viviparous as well, or if they do not bring forth their young alive, have the power of reproduction in a different manner to the ova and subsequent tadpole.