Protein Sources Evaluated for Ruminating Holstein Calves

Fifty calves were fed a basal diet of 11.6% crude protein or one of four diets (15.5% crude protein) containing added soybean meal, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, or fish meal. Diets were calculated 75% total digestible nutrients. Body weight gain increased an average of 17% with added protein. Fish meal and soybean meal generated highest rates of gain. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen was higher for soybean meal and cottonseed meal than other diets, indicating greater rates of degradability. Molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids were not different among diets, but concentration was lower for fish meal. Serum urea nitrogen was lowest for the basal and fish meal diets. Microbial nitrogen in the abomasum was 33.6% of total nitrogen for corn gluten meal and 42.8% for soybean meal. Apparent dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities were greater for corn gluten meal and fish meal diets than for soybean meal or cottonseed meal diets. Rumen degradability of feedstuffs, as determined by dacron bag technique, ranged from 38.1% for corn gluten meal to 71.3% for soybean meal. Degradability of mixed diets reflected those of the protein supplement present in each diet except for diet containing cottonseed meal. Fish meal and soybean meal were better protein sources for growth of ruminating calves than were corn gluten meal or cottonseed meal.