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2008•The Journal of Humanistic Counseling Education and DevelopmentRequires access

White Racial Identity Statuses as Predictors of White Privilege Awareness

Danica G. Hays, Catherine Y. Chang, Pamela A. Havice

Open publisher page 29 citations

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between White privilege awareness and White racial identity development for 197 counseling trainees. Results indicated that 3 of J. E. Helms's (1984, 1990, 1995) White racial identity statuses (i.e., Contact, Reintegration, and Immersion/Emersion) significantly predicted White privilege awareness. Implications for counselor development and research are discussed.

About this research paper

What this paper is about

This study explored the relationship between White privilege awareness and White racial identity development for 197 counseling trainees. Results indicated that 3 of J. E. Helms's (1984, 1990, 1995) White racial identity statuses (i.e., Contact, Reintegration, and Immersion/Emersion) significantly predicted White privilege awareness. Implications for counselor development and research are discussed.

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OpenAlex reports 29 citations for this work. Citation counts describe recorded attention and do not establish research quality.

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Available abstract

This study explored the relationship between White privilege awareness and White racial identity development for 197 counseling trainees. Results indicated that 3 of J. E. Helms's (1984, 1990, 1995) White racial identity statuses (i.e., Contact, Reintegration, and Immersion/Emersion) significantly predicted White privilege awareness. Implications for counselor development and research are discussed.

Key concepts: White privilege, White (mutation), Privilege (computing), Identity (music), Psychology, Social psychology, Race (biology), Gender studies

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