Rural development : putting the last first

Misleading findings Useful surveys Total immersion: long and lost?Cost-effectiveness Four ways in and out -Ladejinsky's tourism and the green revolution -Senaratne's windows into regions -Reconnaissance for crop improvement -BRAC and the net Conclusions CHAPTER FOUR Whose knowledge?Knowledge, power and prejudice Outsiders' biases Rural people's knowledge 82 -farming practices -knowledge of the environment -rural people's faculties -rural people's experiments The best of both CHAPTER FIVE Integrated rural poverty Outsiders' views of the poor Clusters of disadvantage The deprivation trap 111 -poverty 112 -physical weakness 112 -isolation 113 -vulnerability 113 -powerlessness 113 Vulnerability and poverty ratchets 114 -social conventions 115 -disasters 116 -physical incapacity 116 -unproductive expenditure 117 -exploitation 118 Powerlessness 131 -nets 131 -robbery 133 -bargaining and its absence 134 CHAPTER SIX Seeing what to do Whose priorities?Outsiders' interventions Analysis for action -costs and choices -causes and constraints -finding and making opportunities -political feasibility and Peter Knight I might never have written the paper on 'Rural Poverty Unperceived: Problems and Remedies' which started all this off.Material from that paper is used with permission from the World Bank which published it as Staff Working Paper No. 400 and from World Development which published it in Vol. 9, No. 1, January 1981, pp.1-19.Many others have helped.