Behavioral decrement following stimulus preexposure: Effects of number of preexposures, presence of a second stimulus, and interstimulus interval in children and adults.

This article presents an analysis of the similarities between the stimulus familiarization effect and latent inhibition. Just as latent inhibition has been readily demonstrated in infrahumans, and only with considerable difficulty in adult humans, the experiments reported here obtained a significant interaction between the stimulus familiarity effect and age. Children exhibited increased reaction time to preexposed stimuli as opposed to nonpreexposed stimuli, but adults did not show this effect. In addition, a number of variables were shown to affect the amount of decrement. The decrement increased as a function of the number of preexposures and decreased with the addition of a second stimulus placed in a conditioning relationship to the to-be-tested stimulus during preexposure. However, an increased in the interstimulus interval was only marginally effective in increasing the inhibitory effects of preexposure. The data were discussed in relation to a conditioned attention explanation for these phenomena of behavioral decrement.