Spectral indices for estimating ecological indicators of karst rocky desertification

Karst rocky desertification is a process of land desertification associated with human disturbance of the fragile eco-geological setting of karst ecosystems. The fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation (PV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), bare soil and exposed bedrock are key ecological indicators of the extent and degree of land degradation in karst regions. In this study, field spectral-reflectance measurements were used to develop a karst rocky desertification synthesis index (KRDSI) based on unique spectral features observed in non-vegetation land-cover types (NPV, bare soil and exposed bedrock) and were used to estimate the fractional cover of NPV, bare soil and exposed bedrock. Compared with linear spectral unmixing (LSU) using a tied-spectrum transform, the KRDSI is more consistent with the field measurement of non-vegetation land-cover fractions. This study indicates that ecological indicators of karst rocky desertification can be extracted relatively simply with the combination of vegetation indices and KRDSI values.