The spectra of accretion disks and their application to low-mass X-ray binaries

The influence of external radiation from the boundary layer and/or from a neutron star surface on the emitted spectrum of an accretion disk is studied. The surface properties of the accretion disk are reviewed in the context of the alpha disk model, and the spectral regimes associated with each are discussed. It is found that the spectrum differs significantly from that obtained in the blackbody assumption, especially in cases where the disk is irradiated at fluxes near the Eddington limit. Generally, the spectrum is found to peak at lower energies than the blackbody assumption would indicate and is considerably flatter for energies between about 0.1 and 1 keV. For an irradiated disk where the color temperature characterizing the external radiation is greater than about 1 keV, the spectrum emitted from the disk is harder than that of multiple blackbodies. The emitted spectrum from the disk is sensitive to the inclination angle of the system and the location of the inner disk edge.