1962Proceedings of the American Mathematical SocietyOpen access

On 3-manifolds that are not simply connected

Kyung Whan Kwun

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Abstract

Let X be a connected 3-manifold.Then X is simply connected if and only if each simple closed curve in X lies in a simply connected neighborhood.On the other hand, each point of X trivially lies in a simply connected neighborhood with or without X itself simply connected.However, we will show that arcs are big enough to reflect the global property of X as to simple connectedness in the sense that X is simply connected if and only if each arc in X lies in a simply connected neighborhood.

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Let X be a connected 3-manifold.Then X is simply connected if and only if each simple closed curve in X lies in a simply connected neighborhood.On the other hand, each point of X trivially lies in a simply connected neighborhood with or without X itself simply connected.However, we will show that arcs are big enough to reflect the global property of X as to simple connectedness in the sense that X is simply connected if and only if each arc in X lies in a simply connected neighborhood.

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Available abstract

Let X be a connected 3-manifold.Then X is simply connected if and only if each simple closed curve in X lies in a simply connected neighborhood.On the other hand, each point of X trivially lies in a simply connected neighborhood with or without X itself simply connected.However, we will show that arcs are big enough to reflect the global property of X as to simple connectedness in the sense that X is simply connected if and only if each arc in X lies in a simply connected neighborhood.

Key concepts: Simply connected space, Social connectedness, Connected component, Simple (philosophy), Strongly connected component, Connected sum, Mathematics, Point (geometry)

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