Social Darwinism in European and American thought, 1860-1945: nature as model and nature as threat

Acknowledgements Part I. Defining Social Darwinism: Introduction: the identity of Social Darwinism 1. Defining Social Darwinism 2. The distinctiveness of Social Darwinism Part II. Pioneers: 3. The emergence of Social Darwinism 4. Herbert Spencer and cosmic evolution 5. Social Darwinism in the USA 6. Social Darwinism in France and Germany Part III. Case Studies: 7. Reform Darwinism 8. Races, nations and the struggle for existence 9. The eugenic conscience 10. Social Darwinism, nature and sexual difference 11. Nazism, Fascism and Social Darwinism Postscript: Social Darwinism old and new: the case of sociobiology Bibliography.