1974•IRE Transactions on Communications SystemsRequires access

The Radiation of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Waves

Ta‐Shing Chu

Abstract

The excitation of extremely low frequency (ELF) waves by a horizontal electric dipole in the earth-ionosphere waveguide can be obtained by a heuristic approach based upon the observation of a relationship between a horizontal electric dipole and a horizontal magnetic dipole. Then multiple imaging takes into account the effect of the ionosphere. This approximate derivation preserves the physical picture which is obscured by complex mathematics in rigorous analysis.

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Key concepts: Schumann resonances, Ionosphere, Dipole, Earth–ionosphere waveguide, Extremely low frequency, Physics, Computational physics, Magnetic dipole