Sequential injection technique for automated titration: Spectrophotometric assay of vitamin C in pharmaceutical products using cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid

For the first time sequential injection analysis (SIA) technique has been employed for titrimetry. A new SI titrimetric spectrophotometric method for the assay of vitamin C in drug formulations was explored. The method is based on the oxidation reaction of vitamin C with cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid media using a spectrophotometer as a detector with the wavelength monitored at 410 nm. A 2(3) factorial design chemometric approach was employed to study the interaction effect of the chemical and system variables, mainly cerium(IV), sulfuric acid concentrations and the flow rate. The results of the chemometric optimization revealed that the optimum operating conditions for the SI titrimetric analysis of vitamin C were 7.0 x 10(-3) M cerium(IV), 0.455 M sulfuric acid and 28.9 microL s-1 flow rate. A linear calibration plot for the determination of vitamin C was obtained in the concentration range between 30 to 200 ppm. The method was applied to the determination of vitamin C in pharmaceutical preparations and no excipient was found to pose any interference, thus rendering the method suitable for the determination of the drug in pharmaceutical preparations. The SIA method is found to be accurate when the results were statistically compared with the results obtained by the BP standard method. The SIA method is superior when compared to the conventional titration method, the BP standard method and previous methods with respect to precision and automation in solution handling.